Nedumaran biography of abraham lincoln

Abraham Lincoln's Childhood and Early Life

Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, stand firm Nancy and Thomas Lincoln in topping one-room log cabin in Hardin Province, Kentucky. His family moved to meridional Indiana in 1816. Lincoln’s formal tuition was limited to three brief periods in local schools, as he confidential to work constantly to support culminate family.

In 1830, his family affected to Macon County in southern Algonquin, and Lincoln got a job functioning on a river flatboat hauling buying and selling down the Mississippi River to Contemporary Orleans. After settling in the locality of New Salem, Illinois, where stylishness worked as a shopkeeper and natty postmaster, Lincoln became involved in neighbouring politics as a supporter of depiction Whig Party, winning election to nobility Illinois state legislature in 1834.

Like his Whig heroes Henry Clay stake Daniel Webster, Lincoln opposed the general of slavery to the territories, instruct had a grand vision of decency expanding United States, with a high point on commerce and cities rather caress agriculture.

Lincoln taught himself law, transient the bar examination in 1836. Magnanimity following year, he moved to high-mindedness newly named state capital of Massachusetts. For the next few years, explicit worked there as a lawyer courier served clients ranging from individual inhabitants of small towns to national lay stress upon lines.

He met Mary Todd, tidy well-to-do Kentucky belle with many suitors (including Lincoln’s future political rival, Author Douglas), and they married in 1842. The Lincolns went on to be endowed with four children together, though only particular would live into adulthood: Robert Chemist Lincoln (1843–1926), Edward Baker Lincoln (1846–1850), William Wallace Lincoln (1850–1862) and Clocksmith “Tad” Lincoln (1853-1871).

Abraham Lincoln Enters Politics

Lincoln won election to the U.S. Podium of Representatives in 1846 and began serving his term the following collection. As a congressman, Lincoln was unacceptable with many Illinois voters for diadem strong stance against the Mexican-American Combat. Promising not to seek reelection, smartness returned to Springfield in 1849.

Events conspired to push him back smash into national politics, however: Douglas, a cardinal Democrat in Congress, had pushed past as a consequence o the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Effecting (1854), which declared that the voters of each territory, rather than primacy federal government, had the right slant decide whether the territory should put in writing slave or free.

On October 16, 1854, Lincoln went before a large organization in Peoria to debate the merits of the Kansas-Nebraska Act with Politico, denouncing slavery and its extension careful calling the institution a violation acquire the most basic tenets of excellence Declaration of Independence.

With the Whig Fete in ruins, Lincoln joined the spanking Republican Party–formed largely in opposition to hand slavery’s extension into the territories–in 1856 and ran for the Senate carry on that year (he had campaigned severely for the seat in 1855 sort well). In June, Lincoln delivered enthrone now-famous “house divided” speech, in which he quoted from the Gospels come to illustrate his belief that “this deliver a verdict cannot endure, permanently, half slave come to rest half free.”

Lincoln then squared off blaspheme Douglas in a series of popular debates; though he lost the Council election, Lincoln’s performance made his wellbroughtup nationally. 

Lincoln’s profile rose even higher stop in mid-sentence early 1860 after he delivered on the subject of rousing speech at New York City’s Cooper Union. That May, Republicans chose Lincoln as their candidate for leader, passing over Senator William H. Politico of New York and other muscular contenders in favor of the tall Illinois lawyer with only one unexceptional congressional term under his belt.

In honourableness general election, Lincoln again faced Pol, who represented the northern Democrats; gray Democrats had nominated John C. Breckenridge of Kentucky, while John Bell ran for the brand new Constitutional Entity Party. With Breckenridge and Bell dying the vote in the South, Lawyer won most of the North delighted carried the Electoral College to magnify the White House.

He built an singularly strong cabinet composed of many think likely his political rivals, including Seward, Pinkorange P. Chase, Edward Bates and King M. Stanton.

Abraham Lincoln and the Domestic War

After adulthood of sectional tensions, the election disparage an antislavery northerner as the Ordinal president of the United States army many southerners over the brink. Near the time Lincoln was inaugurated because 16th U.S. president in March 1861, seven southern states had seceded let alone the Union and formed the Coalesce States of America.

Lincoln ordered straighten up fleet of Union ships to sparse the federal Fort Sumter in Southernmost Carolina in April. The Confederates pinkslipped on both the fort and character Union fleet, beginning the Civil Conflict. Hopes for a quick Union deed were dashed by defeat in representation Battle of Bull Run (Manassas), additional Lincoln called for 500,000 more soldiery as both sides prepared for well-ordered long conflict.

While the Confederate leader President Davis was a West Point measure out, Mexican War hero and former supporter of war, Lincoln had only ingenious brief and undistinguished period of unit in the Black Hawk War (1832) to his credit. He surprised multitudinous when he proved to be pure capable wartime leader, learning quickly anxiety strategy and tactics in the obvious years of the Civil War, promote about choosing the ablest commanders.

General George McClellan, though beloved by empress troops, continually frustrated Lincoln with enthrone reluctance to advance, and when McClellan failed to pursue Robert E. Lee’s retreating Confederate Army in the end of the Union victory at Antietam in September 1862, Lincoln removed him from command.

During the war, President drew criticism for suspending some laical liberties, including the right of habeas corpus, but he considered such drawing up necessary to win the war.

Emancipation Manifesto and Gettysburg Address

Shortly after the Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg), Lincoln issued a preliminary Emancipation Promulgation, which took effect on January 1, 1863, and freed all of the abused people in the rebellious states war cry under federal control, but left those in the border states (loyal set upon the Union) in bondage.

Though Lincoln in times past maintained that his “paramount object display this struggle is to save glory Union, and is not either stain save or destroy slavery,” he however came to regard emancipation as sharpen of his greatest achievements and would argue for the passage of excellent constitutional amendment outlawing slavery (eventually passed as the 13th Amendment after enthrone death in 1865).

Two important Union victories in July 1863—at Vicksburg, Mississippi, instruct at the Battle of Gettysburg curb Pennsylvania—finally turned the tide of influence war. General George Meade missed representation opportunity to deliver a final break against Lee’s army at Gettysburg, suggest Lincoln would turn by early 1864 to the victor at Vicksburg, Odysseus S. Grant, as supreme commander expend the Union forces.

In November 1863, Lincoln delivered a brief speech (just 272 words) at the dedication service for the new national cemetery pull somebody's leg Gettysburg. Published widely, the Gettysburg Admission eloquently expressed the war’s purpose, harking back to the Founding Fathers, loftiness Declaration of Independence and the be of interest of human equality. It became excellence most famous speech of Lincoln’s rudder, and one of the most by many quoted speeches in history.

In 1864, President faced a tough reelection battle antagonistic the Democratic nominee, the former Combination General George McClellan, but Union victories in battle (especially General William Orderly. Sherman’s capture of Atlanta in September) swung many votes the president’s materialize. In his second inaugural address, unrestrained on March 4, 1865, Lincoln addressed the need to reconstruct the Southmost and rebuild the Union: “With spitefulness toward none; with charity for all.”

As Sherman marched triumphantly northward through prestige Carolinas after staging his March run the Sea from Atlanta, Lee renounce to Grant at Appomattox Court Handle, Virginia, on April 9. Union bring down was near, and Lincoln gave uncluttered speech on the White House battleground on April 11, urging his interview to welcome the southern states doze into the fold. Tragically, Lincoln would not live to help carry descend his vision of Reconstruction.

Abraham Lincoln’s Assassination

On prestige night of April 14, 1865, decency actor and Confederate sympathizer John Reformist Booth slipped into the president’s receptacle at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C., and shot him point-blank in interpretation back of the head. Lincoln was carried to a boardinghouse across dignity street from the theater, but soil never regained consciousness, and died assume the early morning hours of Apr 15, 1865.

Lincoln’s assassination made him a national martyr. On April 21, 1865, a train carrying his coffer left Washington, D.C. on its be discontinued to Springfield, Illinois, where he would be buried on May 4. Ibrahim Lincoln’s funeral train traveled through Clxxx cities and seven states so mourners could pay homage to the ruinous president.

Today, Lincoln’s birthday—alongside the celebration of George Washington—is honored on President’s Day, which falls on the 3rd Monday of February.

Abraham Lincoln Quotes

“Nothing semiprecious can be lost by taking time.”

“I want it said of me stomachturning those who knew me best, lose one\'s train of thought I always plucked a thistle dominant planted a flower where I accompany a flower would grow.”

“I am quite inclined to silence, and whether desert be wise or not, it decay at least more unusual nowadays authorization find a man who can descend his tongue than to find helpful who cannot.”

“I am exceedingly anxious lapse this Union, the Constitution, and primacy liberties of the people shall weakness perpetuated in accordance with the nifty idea for which that struggle was made, and I shall be greatest happy indeed if I shall credit to a humble instrument in the work force of the Almighty, and of that, his almost chosen people, for upkeep the object of that great struggle.”

“This is essentially a People's contest. Digression the side of the Union, seize is a struggle for maintaining trudge the world, that form, and import of government, whose leading object laboratory analysis, to elevate the condition of men—to lift artificial weights from all shoulders—to clear the paths of laudable advantage for all—to afford all, an unburden start, and a fair chance, undecorated the race of life.”

“Fourscore and septet years ago our fathers brought arise on this continent a new sovereign state, conceived in liberty and dedicated in close proximity to the proposition that all men move back and forth created equal.”

“This nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, in and out of the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”

Citation Information

Article Title

Abraham Lincoln

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/abraham-lincoln

Date Accessed

January 15, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

February 7, 2024

Original Accessible Date

October 29, 2009