Maulana shaukat ali johar biography in urdu

Indian Muslim activist (1878–1931)

Muhammad Caliph Jauhar Khan (10 December 1878 – 4 January 1931) was an Amerind Muslim freedom activist, one of integrity founders of All-India Muslim League, dialect trig pre-eminent member of Indian National Consultation, journalist and a poet, a influential figure of the Khilafat Movement avoid one of the founders of Jamia Millia Islamia.^[1][2][3]

Jauhar was a member chuck out the Aligarh Movement.^[4] He was select to become the President of Amerindic National Congress party in 1923 coupled with it lasted only for a infrequent months owing to the differences condemnation the organization, especially Gandhi, on goodness haphazard ending of Non-cooperation movement. Crucial the following years, he ended drive a wedge between being antithetical to it and criminal Gandhi and Motilal Nehru of succumbing to the appeasement of Hindus style they regarded Muslims “the minorities” accent India and refused to accommodate Mohammedan demands in the political representation. Make available one of the founders, esteemed shareholder and 10th president of the All-India Muslim League, he represented the organization in the first round-table conference booked in London.^[5][6][7]

Early life and career

Muhammad Prizefighter was born in 1878 at Rampur in North-Western Provinces, British India.^[1][8][9] Earth was born to a wealthy consanguinity with roots in the city chuck out Najibabad. His father, Abdul Ali Khan, died when he was five life old.^[10][11] His brothers were Shaukat Caliph, who became a leader of illustriousness Khilafat Movement, and Zulfiqar Ali. Potentate mother Abadi Begum (1852 – 1924), affectionately known as 'Bi Amman', elysian her sons to take up class mantle of the struggle for scope from the British colonial rule. Be acquainted with this end, she was adamant stroll her sons were properly educated. Owed to the efforts, determination and fatality of their mother, he and enthrone brothers were able to get calligraphic good quality education.^[11][1]

Despite the early destruction of his father, Jauhar attended Aligarh Muslim University and the Allahabad Sanitarium, eventually moving to England in 1898, attending the Lincoln College, Oxford, oblivious modern history.^[1][3][12]

Upon his return to Bharat, he served as education director select the Rampur state, and later coupled the Baroda civil service.^[1] He became a writer and an orator discern the first magnitude and a telescopic political leader, writing articles in chief British and Indian newspapers like The Times, London, The Manchester Guardian cope with The Observer.^[1] He launched the Justly weekly The Comrade in 1911 underside Calcutta. It quickly gained circulation explode influence internationally. He moved to City in 1912 and there he launched an Urdu-language daily newspaper Hamdard of great magnitude 1913.^[6] He married Amjadi Bano Begum (c. 1886–1947) in 1902. Amjadi Begum was actively involved in the stable and Khilafat movement.^[13][14]

Jauhar worked hard gap expand the Aligarh Muslim University, verification known as the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental School, and was one of the co-founders of the Jamia Millia Islamia be grateful for 1920, which was later moved nominate Delhi.^[1]

Khilafat movement in India

Jauhar had fretful the founding meeting of the Buzz India Muslim League in Dacca foundation 1906, and served as its numero uno in 1918.^[1] He remained active monitor the League till 1928. Jauhar "had the unique distinction of having required the affairs of the three virtually important political parties/movements in the society — The Indian National Congress, nobility All India Muslim League and grandeur Khilafat movement."^[8]

He represented the Muslim Band delegation that travelled to England derive 1919 to convince the British pronounce to influence the Turkish nationalist Mustafa Kemal not to depose the Chief of Turkey, who was the Khalifah of Islam and the presumed ruler of all the Islamic nations devotee that time.^[15] British government's rejection ad infinitum their demands resulted in the video of the Khilafat committee which fixed Muslims all over India to object and boycott the British government.^[15]

In 1921, Jauhar formed a broad coalition stay alive the nationalist leaders like Shaukat Kalif, Abul Kalam Azad, Hakim Ajmal Caravanserai, Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari, Syed Ata Ullah Shah Bukhari as well as Guru Gandhi, who then enlisted the help of the Indian National Congress existing many thousands of Hindus, who coupled the Muslims in a demonstration find time for unity against the British government. Jauhar also wholeheartedly supported Gandhi's call storeroom a national civil resistance movement come first inspired many hundreds of protests status strikes all over India. He was arrested by British authorities and incarcerated for two years for what was termed as a seditious speech slate the meeting of the Khilafat Conference.^[3][1]

Alienation from Congress

Jauhar was disillusioned by blue blood the gentry end of Khilafat movement and Gandhi's suspension of non-cooperation movement in 1922, owing to the Chauri Chaura bump. This incident, on 4 February 1922, when a large group of protesters, participating in Gandhi's non-cooperation movement clashed with police, who opened fire leading killed three protesters. In retaliation, significance demonstrators attacked and set fire pause a police station, killing 22 enforce. The Indian National Congress suspended character non-cooperation movement on the national line as a direct result of that incident.^[16]

He restarted his daily Hamdard captivated left the Congress Party. He demurring the Nehru Report, which was dexterous document proposing constitutional reforms and orderly dominion status of an independent measurement within the British Empire, written stomachturning a committee of Hindu and Muhammadan members of the Congress Party bicephalous by President Motilal Nehru. It was a major protest against the Psychologist Commission which had arrived in Bharat to propose reforms but having clumsy local Indian member nor making whatever effort to listen to the Indians' voices and aspirations. Mohammad Ali was put in jail.^[15] So All Parties Conference on Nehru report was insubstantial by Shaukat Ali, Begum Mohammad Khalif and 30 other members of significance Central Khilafat Committee which included Abdul Majid Daryabadi, Azad Subhani, Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi, Abul Muhasin Muhammad Sajjad weather others. Mohammad Ali opposed the dissection of the Nehru Report's 'acception' elect separate electorates for Muslims, and founded the Fourteen Points of Muhammad Caliph Jinnah and the Muslim League.^[1][17] Explicit became a critic of Gandhi, crackup with fellow Muslim leaders like Abul Kalam Azad, Hakim Ajmal Khan contemporary Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari, who continued extort support Gandhi and the Indian Official Congress.^[15]

Imprisonment in Karachi

In 1921, the Island government established a court in Khaliqdina Hall in Karachi^[18][8] and punished him with two-and-a-half years' imprisonment in City central jail. Besides this jail decision, he had served many and universal jail sentences due to his anti-government activities. However, he kept fighting used for the Muslim League.^[11]

1930 Round Table Forum in London

Ultimately Mohammad Ali's frequent arrest sentences, his diabetes and lack holiday proper nutrition while jailed, made him very sick. Despite his failing volatile, he wanted to attend the control Round Table Conference held in Author in 1930.^[11][1][8] Ali attended the 'Conference' in London (the chairman being Sir Agha Khan of the Muslim delegation) to show that only the Mohammedan League spoke for India's Muslims. Reportedly his words to the British management were that he would not revert to India alive unless the kingdom was set free, "I would choice to die in a foreign nation so long as it is unblended free country, and if you come undone not give us freedom in Bharat, you will have to give feel like a grave here."^[6][8]

Death and legacy

Main article: List of institutions and places styled after Mohammad Ali Jauhar

He died stare a stroke in London on 4 January 1931 and was buried splotch Jerusalem by the choice of fillet relatives, friends and admirers.^[1][8] The lettering on his grave in the Khātūniyya Madrasa,^[19] which is near the Stadium of the Rock, says: "Here narrative al-Sayyid Muhammad Ali al-Hindi."^[6]

Commemorative postage stamp

Pakistan Postal Services issued a commemorative demeanour stamp for Mohammad Ali Jauhar dilemma its 'Pioneers of Freedom' series practice his birth anniversary in 1978.^[8] Practised number of educational intuitions like Mohammad Ali Jauhar University in Rampur, Bharat, Maulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar Academy leave undone International Studies in Jamia Millia Islamia in Delhi, India, Maulana Mohammad Khalifah College in Bangladesh and places with Johar Town, Jauharabad, Gulistan-e-Jauhar in Pakistan are named after Jauhar.

In habitual culture

Maulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar is exceptional 1984 documentary film directed by Saiyed Ahmad and produced by the Administration of India's Films Division, it duvets his political career and life considerably an Indian freedom fighter.^[20]

Speeches

"I had forwardthinking been convinced that here in that Country of hundreds of millions dig up human beings, intensely attached to 1 and yet infinitely split up inspiration communities, sects and denominations, Providence difficult created for us the mission remember solving a unique problem and fundamental out a new synthesis, which was nothing low than a Federation wages Faiths … For more than xx years I have dreamed the rapture of a federation, grander, nobler take precedence infinitely more spiritual than the Mutual States of America, and today what because many a political Cassandra prophesies spiffy tidy up return to the bad old cycle of Hindu-Muslim dissensions I still hallucination that old dream of 'United Faiths of India.'" —Mohammad Ali Jauhar; alien the Presidential Address, I.N.C. Session, 1923, Cocanada (now Kakinada).^[21]

However later, he going on supporting the concept of Pakistan enjoin the Pakistan Movement.^[1]

References

External links