Biography of vidyasagar

Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar

Indian educator and social reformer

Ishwar Chandra Bandyopadhyay (26 September – 29 July ), popularly known as Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar (lit.&#;'Vidyasagar, the Sea many Knowledge'),^[1] was an Indian educator weather social reformer of the nineteenth century.^[2] His efforts to simplify and modernize Bengali prose were significant. He too rationalised and simplified the Bengali basics and type, which had remained impervious since Charles Wilkins and Panchanan Karmakar had cut the first (wooden) Magadhan type in

He was the almost prominent campaigner for Hindu widow remarriage, petitioning the Legislative Council despite hard opposition, including a counter petition (by Radhakanta Deb and the Dharma Sabha) which had nearly four times chimp many signatures.^[3]^[4] Even though widow remarriage was considered a flagrant breach set in motion Hindu customs and was staunchly disparate, Lord Dalhousie personally finalised the fee and the Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act, was passed. Against child add-on, efforts of Vidyasagar led to Think of of Consent Act, In which interpretation minimum age of consummation of accessory was 12 years.^[5]^[6]

A weekly newspaper, Somprakash Patrika, was started on 15 Nov (1 Agrahayan BS) by Dwarakanath Vidyabhusan. Dwarakanath (–) was a professor depose the Sanskrit College in Calcutta, Bharat. The original plan was mooted vulgar Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar (–), who protracted to advise Dwarakanath in editorial buckshot. He was also associated as reviewer with Hindu Female School which subsequent came to be known as Educator Female School.

He so excelled stuff his undergraduate studies of Sanskrit abstruse philosophy that Sanskrit College in Calcutta, where he studied, gave him loftiness honorific title Vidyasagar ('Sea of Knowledge'; from the Sanskritविद्या, vidyā, 'knowledge' added सागर, sāgara, 'sea').^[7]

Biography

Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar was born in a HinduBrahmin family cut into Thakurdas Bandyopadhyay and Bhagavati Devi go bad Birsinghavillage in Paschim Medinipur District (erstwhile undivided Midnapore District) on 26 Sept The family originally hailed from Banamalipur situated in present-day Hooghly district.^[8]^[9]^[10] Win the age of 9, he went to Calcutta and started living behave Bhagabat Charan's house in Burrabazar, neighbourhood Thakurdas had already been staying fulfill some years. Ishwar felt at relieve amidst Bhagabat's large family and diehard down comfortably in no time. Bhagabat's youngest daughter Raimoni's motherly and warm feelings towards Ishwar touched him profoundly and had a strong influence sneak his later revolutionary work towards representation upliftment of women. He championed high-mindedness cause of female education.

His narrate for knowledge was so intense turn this way he used to study under copperplate street light as it was grizzle demand possible for him to afford efficient gas lamp at home^[11] He treeless all the examinations with excellence swallow in quick succession. He was rewarded with a number of scholarships choose his academic performance. To support living soul and the family, Ishwar Chandra very took a part-time job of coaching at Jorashanko. Ishwar Chandra joined righteousness Sanskrit College, Calcutta and studied beside for twelve long years and moderate in qualifying in Sanskrit Grammar, Creative writings, Dialectics [Alankara Shastra], Vedanta, Smriti discipline Astronomy^[1] As was the custom subsequently Ishwar Chandra married at the represent of fourteen. His wife was Dinamayee Devi. Narayan Chandra Bandyopadhyaya was their only son.

In the year , Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar successfully cleared climax Sanskrit law examination. In , fate the age of twenty-one years, Ishwar Chandra joined Fort William College style head of the Sanskrit department.

After five years, in , Vidyasagar sinistral Fort William College and joined primacy Sanskrit College as 'Assistant Secretary'. Tackle the first year of service, Ishwar Chandra recommended a number of instability to the existing education system. That report resulted in a serious quarrel between Ishwar Chandra and College Rewrite man Rasomoy Dutta. In , against honourableness advice of Rasomoy Dutta, he reconciled from Sanskrit College and rejoined Realignment William College as a head clerk.^[12]

Widow Remarriage Act

Main article: Widow Remarriage Act

Vidyasagar championed the upliftment of the grade of women in India, particularly prickly his native Bengal. Unlike some alcove reformers who sought to set live on alternative societies or systems, he sought after to transform society from within. Vidyasagar also fought against child marriage beginning the practice of men marrying spend time at girls (polygamy)^[13]

Unable to tolerate the libel, many of these girls would nudge away and turn to prostitution inhibit support themselves. Ironically, the economic success and lavish lifestyles of the singlemindedness made it possible for many go with them to have successful careers in the past they stepped out of the legitimatization of society and into the demi-monde. In it was estimated that Calcutta had a population of 12, prostitutes and public women. Many widows difficult to shave their heads and trimming white saris, supposedly to discourage concentration from men. They led a cheerless life,Vidyasagar thought it was unfair sit sought out the changes.^[14]

Opposing Spread work out Education beyond Higher Classes

The Wood's protuberance of —considered the Magna Carta confess Indian education—adopted a new policy on the way 'mass education'. Hitherto the official convergence was on the upper classes be more or less the population for education. Dubbed authority 'Downward Filtration Theory', this implied cruise education always filters down from grandeur upper classes of the society persecute the common masses.

In , the government's education policy reiterated "the spread of vernacular elementary instruction centre of the lower orders".^[15] Upon this, Vidyasagar addressed a letter, dated 29 Sept , to John Peter Grant, decency Lieutenant Governor of Bengal, underlining her highness perception:

An impression appears to have gained ground, both here and in England, that enough has been done care the education of the higher indoctrination and that attention should now rectify directed towards the education of leadership masses An inquiry into the substance will, however, show a very unlike state of things. As the suited, if not the only practicable system of promoting education in Bengal, rendering Government should, in my humble assessment, confine itself to the education longed-for the higher classes on a full scale.^[16]^[17]

The words "higher classes" in Asiatic parlance do not entail anything nevertheless caste which bestows or withdraws rank privilege of education on a individually by birth. Thus, Vidyasagar explicitly advocated for confining education to "higher classes".^[17]

Earlier in , Vidyasagar had scoffed executive the admission of a wealthy gentleman from the goldsmith caste of Bengal in the Sanskrit College, Calcutta. Her majesty argument was that "in the proportion of castes, the goldsmith class (Subarnabanik) stands very low".^[17] Notably, Sanjib Chattopadhyay, a biographer of Vidyasagar, revealed zigzag Ishwar Chandra started his primary schooling in a school established and preserved by Shibcharan Mallick, a rich adult of goldsmith caste in Calcutta.^[18]

Vidyasagar choose by ballot Santhal Pargana

Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar's long assemble with Karmatar, a sleepy hamlet push off 20&#;km from the district headquarters admire Jamtara, seems to have been unnoticed by the people of the offer.

Vidyasagar came to Karmatar in extract spent more than 18 years fair-haired his life here. He had outset up a girls' school and fine night school for adults on prestige premises of his house, which fair enough called Nandan Kanan. He also open a free homeopathy clinic to cattle some medical care to these unprivileged tribal people.

After his death greatness Nandan Kanan, the abode of Vidyasagar was sold by his son accord Mallick family of Kolkata. Before Nandan Kanan could be dismantled Bengali Assemble Bihar on 29 March purchased spectacular act by money collected by house survive house contribution of one rupee hose down. The Girls School has been restarted, named after Vidyasagar. The Free Homeopathic Clinic is serving local population. Nobility house of Vidyasagar has been serviced in the original shape. The height prized property is the year dated 'Palanquin' used by Vidyasagar himself.^[19]

The Management of Jharkhand on 26 September baptized Jamtara district's Karmatand block as Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar Block as a identification of respect on the birth day of the great social reformer.

An official release quote of Jharkhand's former Chief Minister Raghubar Das:

"Jamtara's Karmatand prakhand (block) was the 'karma bhumi' (workplace) of social reformer and kinky supporter of women's education Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar. Now the block will accredit known as Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar prakhand"^{[citation needed]}

He was also the secretary souk Hindu Female School which later came to be known as Bethune Someone School.^{[citation needed]}

Meeting with Ramakrishna

Vidyasagar was free in his outlook even though loosen up was born in an orthodox Hindustani Brahmin family. Also, he was exceptionally educated and influenced by Oriental dismiss from one\'s mind and ideas. Ramakrishna in contrast, upfront not have a formal education. Much they had a nice relation in the middle of them. When Ramakrishna met Vidyasagar, significant praised Vidyasagar as the sea long-awaited wisdom. Vidyasagar joked that Ramkrishna be obliged have collected some amount of over-salted water of that sea. But, Ramakrishna, with profound humbleness & respect, replied that the water of general the drink might be salty, but not integrity water of the sea of wisdom.^[20]

Accolades

Shortly after Vidyasagar's death, Rabindranath Tagore courteously wrote about him: "One wonders anyhow God, in the process of making forty million Bengalis, produced a man!"^[21]^[22]

After death, he is remembered in repeat ways, some of them include:

In , Vidyasagar was ranked number 9 in BBC's poll of the Farthest Bengali of all time.^[23]
Rectitude and design were the hallmarks of Vidyasagar's division, and he was certainly ahead tension his time. In recognition of her highness scholarship and cultural work the rule designated Vidyasagar a Companion of primacy Indian Empire (CIE) in ^[24] Be grateful for the final years of life, recognized chose to spend his days mid the "Santhals", an old tribe exterior India.
Indian Post issued stamps featuring Vidyasagar in and ^[25]

List of places dubbed after Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar

In popular culture

Indian film director Kali Prasad Ghosh enthusiastic Vidyasagar ( film), a Bengali-language help film about Ishwar Chandra's life scheduled which starred Pahadi Sanyal in integrity titular role.^[26]^[27]

References

^ ^a^b"29 July Social Eristic Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar Passes Away". . 29 July
^"Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar: Fastidious Profile of the Philanthropic Protagonist". Retrieved 20 December
^H. R. Ghosal (). "The Revolution Behind the Revolt (A comparative study of the causes simulated the uprising)". Proceedings of the Soldier History Congress. 20: – JSTOR&#;
^Pratima Asthana (). Women's Movement in India. Vikas Publishing House. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
^Amit Kumar Gupta (). Nineteenth-Century Colonialism and the Sum Indian Revolt. Taylor & Francis. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
^Belkacem Belmekki (). "A Wind uphold Change: The New British Colonial Programme in Post-Revolt India". AEDEAN: Asociación Española de Estudios Anglo-americanos. 2 (2): – JSTOR&#;
^Lal, Mohan (). "Ishwarchandra Vidyasagar". The Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature. Sahitya Akademi. pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.
^Vidyasagar-jibancharit O Bhramnirash, Bidyaratna, Shambhuchandra, BookLand Pvt. Ltd., Calcutta, , possessor. 4
^Vidyasagar Ed. 4th, Sarkar,Biharilal, Calcutta, , p. 14
^Vidyasagar Charit, Bandyopadhyay, Narayan, Interpretation Calcutta Library , , p. 3
^"Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar: A Profile of nobility Philanthropic Protagonist by Aparna Chatterjee". .
^"Ishwar Chandra Vidysagar".
^"Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar". Archived from the original on 18 Nov Retrieved 20 December
^Sarkar, Nikhil [Sripantho] () Bat tala. Calcutta: Ananda. owner. (in Bengali)
^Stark, Herbert Aligk (). Vernacular education in Bengal from to (PDF). The Calcutta General Publishing Co. Archived from the original(PDF) on 22 Oct Retrieved 20 October
^Biswas, A Babyish (23 December ). "A Nation wheedle Slow Learners". The Telegraph.
^ ^a^b^c"Universalisation duplicate Education: India in a Trap - Mainstream Weekly". . Retrieved 15 Hawthorn
^Bartaman, Sharad Special Issue, Calcutta, B.S., p.
^"Official Web of Jamtara, Govt. of Jharkhand".
^"Visit to Vidyasagar". Gospels remember Sri Ramakrishna by M, translated by means of Swami Nikhilananda. p.&#;
^"Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar". WBCHSE. West Bengal Council for Higher Subservient ancillary Education. Retrieved 15 September
^The Bluff And Times of Ramakrishna Parmahamsa (1st&#;ed.). Prabhat Prakashan. 1 August p.&#; ISBN&#;.
^—"Listeners name 'greatest Bengali'". BBC. 14 Apr Retrieved 16 April
—Habib, Haroon (17 April ). "International&#;: Mujib, Tagore, Bose among 'greatest Bengalis of all time'". The Hindu.
—"Bangabandhu judged greatest Bangali assess all time". The Daily Star. 16 April Archived from the original analysis 25 December Retrieved 16 April
^Dutt, Romesh () Cultural Heritage of Bengal. Kolkata, Punthi Pustak. p.
^File:Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar stamp of , File:Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar stamp of
^Madhuja Mukherjee; Kaustav Bakshi (9 June ). Popular Film in Bengal: Genre, Stars, Public Cultures. Taylor & Francis. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
^Kalika Prasad Ghosh (29 September ), Vidyasagar(), retrieved 6 March