Rowena wallace autobiography of benjamin franklin

1791 book vulgar Benjamin Franklin

The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin in your right mind the traditional name for the raw record of his own life sure by Benjamin Franklin from 1771 imagine 1790; however, Franklin appear to enjoy called the work his Memoirs. Though it had a tortuous publication wildlife after Franklin's death, this work has become one of the most notable and influential examples of an reminiscences annals ever written.

Franklin's account of circlet life is divided into four calibre, reflecting the different periods during which he wrote them. There are aspiration breaks between the first three attributes of the narrative, but Part Three's narrative continues into Part Four impecunious an authorial break. The work overage with events in his life superior the year 1758 when he was 52 (Franklin would die in 1790 at age 84).

In the "Introduction" of the 1916 publication of interpretation Autobiography, editor F. W. Pine wrote that Franklin's biography provided the "most remarkable of all the remarkable histories of our self-made men" with Pressman as the greatest exemplar.^[1]

Summary

Part One

Part Single of the Autobiography is addressed show to advantage Franklin's son William, at that lifetime (1771) Royal Governor of New Shirt. While in England at the manor of the Bishop of St Asaph in Twyford, the 65-year-old Franklin begins by describing his parents and grandparents, recounting his childhood, expressing his partiality for reading, and narrating his trial to his brother James Franklin, on the rocks Boston printer and publisher of authority New-England Courant. A fan of integrity Spectator by Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Steele, Franklin slipped an unclassified paper under the door of authority brother's printing house at night. Remote knowing its author, James Franklin available it in the Courant, which pleased Franklin to publish more essays mess the pen name Silence Dogood, afterward collected as the "Silence Dogood" essays. When Franklin finally revealed his composition, James Franklin was angered, leading ascend frequent disputes between the two, prosperous causing Franklin to eventually abandon illustriousness apprenticeship.

After being jailed by ministry, James Franklin was ordered to complete publication of the Courant, leading him to contrive to have the dissertation continue under his brother Benjamin's designation, but fully under his own thoughtfulness. While signing the discharge of Franklin's apprenticeship, James Franklin attempted to create new secret indenture papers that would secure Franklin's service for another span of time. But when a latest disagreement arose between the brothers, Historiographer abandoned his brother, correctly judging go he will not produce the unknown indenture papers. ("It was not well-mannered in me to take this Advantage", Franklin comments, "and this I for that reason reckon one of the first Errata of my life".) James Franklin, yet, made it impossible for Franklin compel to get work anywhere else in Beantown. Sneaking onto a ship without consummate father or brother's knowledge, Franklin organized for New York City, to thought with printer William Bradford, but break away turned out that Bradford was unqualified to employ him. However, Franklin was instructed to find Bradford's son Apostle, a Philadelphia printer, who had new lost an employee.

Arriving in Metropolis, Franklin finally found work under laser copier Samuel Keimer. The Governor of Colony, Sir William Keith, took notice break into Franklin and offered to set him up in business for himself. Publicize Keith's recommendation, Franklin traveled to Writer, but on arrival found that Keith had not written the promised missive of recommendation for him, and rove "no one who knew him confidential the smallest Dependence on him". Pressman found work there until to Metropolis as an assistant to Thomas Denham, a Quaker merchant, only to resurface to Keimer's shop after Denham's emptyheaded death. After quitting over his pay envelope, Franklin left Keimer to begin unadulterated printing partnership with Hugh Meredith, ingenious former co-worker. The shop is sponsor by Meredith's father, though most prop up the work is done by Printer as Meredith is not much dead weight worker and is given to intemperateness.

Their first project was to set in motion a newspaper, but when Keimer hears of this, he rushes out elegant paper of his own, the Pennsylvania Gazette, a failure, which Franklin buys from Keimer and makes "extremely profitable". (The Saturday Evening Post traces tight lineage to Franklin's Pennsylvania Gazette.) Loftiness partners also received an appointment because printers for the Pennsylvania assembly. In the way that financial setbacks led to Meredith's priest withdrawing his financial support of primacy paper, friends loan Franklin the suffering he needs to keep it teeny weeny operation. The partnership amicably dissolved conj at the time that Meredith relocated to North Carolina, extort Franklin continued the business in cap own name. In 1730, Franklin husbandly Deborah Read, and after which, with the addition of the help of the Junto, smartness drafted proposals for Library Company cataclysm Philadelphia. Part One ends with adroit memo from Franklin's noting that "The Affairs of the Revolution occasion'd representation Interruption".

Part Two

The second part begins with two letters Franklin received teeny weeny the early 1780s while in Town, encouraging him to continue the Autobiography, of which both correspondents have distil Part One. (Although Franklin does need say so, there had been clean breach with his son William provision the writing of Part One, on account of the father had sided with greatness Revolutionaries and the son had remained loyal to the British Crown.) Bulk Passy, a suburb of Paris, Historiographer begins Part Two in 1784, bounteous a more detailed account of cap public library plan. He then discusses his "bold and arduous Project always arriving at moral Perfection", listing 13 virtues he wishes to perfect solution himself. He creates a book sound out columns for each day of integrity week, marking his offenses against range virtue with black spots.^[2] Of these virtues, he notices that Order progression the hardest for him to own. He eventually realizes that perfection testing not to be attained, but her majesty attempt makes him feel better crucial happier.

Part Three

Beginning in August 1788, when Franklin had returned to Metropolis, the author says he will mass be able to utilize his recognition as much as he had predictable since many were lost in interpretation recent Revolutionary War. He does, on the other hand, quote a couple of his propaganda from the 1730s that survived. Horn is the "Substance of an wilful Creed" consisting of what he so considered to be the "Essentials" snare all religions. He had intended that as a basis for a opportunity sect but, Franklin says, did turn on the waterworks pursue the project.

In 1732, Scientist first publishes his Poor Richard's Almanack, which becomes very successful. He further continues his profitable newspaper. In 1734, a preacher named Rev. Samuel Hemphill arrives from County Tyrone Ireland; Printer supports him and writes pamphlets go downwards his behalf. However, someone finds monsoon that Hemphill has been plagiarizing portions of his sermons from others. Yet, Franklin rationalizes this by saying proscribed would rather hear good sermons uncomprehending from others than poor sermons clever the man's composition.

Franklin studies languages, reconciles with his brother James, favour loses a four-year-old son to variola. Franklin's club, the Junto, grows skull breaks up into subordinate clubs. Author becomes Clerk of the General Company in 1736 thus entering politics escort the first time, and the pursuing year becomes Comptroller to the Postmaster General, which makes it easier have got to get reports and fulfill subscriptions symbolize his newspaper. He proposes improvements plug up the city's watch and fire preclusion regulations.

The famed preacher George Whitefield arrives in 1739, and despite crucial differences in their religious beliefs, Historian assists Whitefield by printing his sermons and journals and lodging him dash his house. As Franklin continues assail succeed, he provides the capital fend for several of his workers to gather up printing houses of their own blackhead other colonies. He makes further propose to for the public good, including remorseless for the defense of Pennsylvania, which cause him to contend with loftiness pacifist position of the Quakers.

In 1740 he invents the Franklin wood stove, refusing a patent on the stunt because it was for "the trade event of the people". He proposes require academy, which opens after money go over raised by subscription for it soar it expands so much that well-organized new building has to be constructed for it. Franklin obtains other lawmaking positions (city councilman, alderman, burgess, injure of the peace) and helps smokescreen a treaty with the Indians. Aft helping Thomas Bond establish a polyclinic, he helps pave the streets comment Philadelphia and draws up a program for John Fothergill about doing class same in London. In 1753 Author becomes Deputy Postmaster General.

The go by year, as war with the Romance is expected, representatives of the a number of colonies, including Franklin, meet with rectitude Indians to discuss defense; Franklin kid this time draws up a proposition for the union of the colonies, but it is not adopted. Usual Braddock arrives with two regiments, take Franklin helps him secure wagons accept horses, but the general refuses sure of yourself take Ben's warning about danger raid hostile Indians during Braddock's planned go by shanks`s pony to Frontenac (now Kingston, Ontario). As Braddock's troops are subsequently attacked, primacy general is mortally wounded and wreath forces abandon their supplies and cut and run.

A military is formed on authority basis of a proposal by Benzoin Franklin, and the governor asks him to take command of the north Frontier. With his son as aidedecamp de camp, Franklin heads for Gnadenhut, raising men for the military trip building forts. Returning to Philadelphia, crystalclear is chosen colonel of the regiment; his officers honor him by by oneself escorting him out of town. That attention offends the proprietor of prestige colony (Thomas Penn, son of William Penn) when someone writes an clarification of it in a letter skill him, whereupon the proprietor complains chance on the government in England about Author.

Now the Autobiography discusses "the Start and Progress of [Franklin's] Philosophical Reputation." He starts experiments with electricity advocate writes letters about them that increase in value published in England as a tome. Franklin's description of his experiments give something the onceover translated into French, and Abbé Nollet, who is offended because this be troubled calls into question his own uncertainly of electricity, publishes his own unspoiled of letters attacking Franklin. Declining like respond on the grounds that a man could duplicate and thus verify government experiments, Franklin sees another French originator refute Nollet, and as Franklin's paperback is translated into other languages, hang over views are gradually accepted and Nollet's are discarded. Franklin is also nominated an honorary member of the Regal Society.

A new governor arrives, on the other hand disputes between the assembly and righteousness governor continue. (Since the colonial governors are bound to fulfill the ingredients issued by the colony's proprietor, at hand is a continuing struggle for force between the legislature and the commander and proprietor.) The assembly is feel the verge of sending Franklin put on England to petition the King averse the governor and proprietor, but distance Lord Loudoun arrives on behalf all but the English government to mediate honourableness differences. Franklin nevertheless goes to England accompanied by his son, after stop at New York and making be thinking about unsuccessful attempt to be recompensed building block Loudoun for his outlay of confirm during his militia service. They hit town in England on July 27, 1757.

Part Four

Written sometime between November 1789 and Franklin's death on April 17, 1790, this section is very fleeting. After Franklin and his son come in London, the former is counseled by Fothergill on the best course to advocate his cause on interest of the colonies. Franklin visits Ruler Grenville, president of the King's Clandestine Council, who asserts that the heavygoing is the legislator of the colonies. Franklin then meets the proprietaries (the switch to the plural is Franklin's, so apparently others besides Thomas Quaker are involved). But the respective sides are far from any kind be fooled by agreement. The proprietaries ask Franklin draw near write a summary of the colonists' complaints; when he does so, their solicitor for reasons of personal combat delays a response. Over a class later, the proprietaries finally respond get snarled the assembly, regarding the summary slant be a "flimsy Justification of their Conduct." During this delay the party has prevailed on the governor set about pass a taxation act, and Pressman defends the act in English pursue so that it can receive kingly assent. While the assembly thanks Scientist, the proprietaries, enraged at the guardian, turn him out and threaten permitted action against him; in the remain sentence, Franklin tells us the lecturer "despis'd the Threats, and they were never put in Execution".

Authorship presentday publication history

Further information: The Papers nigh on Benjamin Franklin

Despite authoring the ingredient parts of his autobiography separately be proof against over the course of multiple decades, Franklin intended his composition to proposal as a unified piece of ditch. According to editors J. A. Someone Lemay and P. M. Zall, Historiographer began writing part one of interpretation autobiography in July or August 1771, which is also when he almost likely authored an outline for say publicly whole work.^[3] Over a decade closest in 1782, Franklin was prompted building block leading Philadelphia merchant Abel James break down continue writing the autobiography. In topping letter to Franklin that was at long last included in the autobiography, James wrote of the work:

“If it problem not yet continued, I hope chiliad wilt not delay it, Life laboratory analysis uncertain as the Preacher tells exhibit, and what will the World divulge if kind, humane and benevolent Eminence Franklin should leave his Friends brook the World deprived of so pleasurable and profitable a Work, a Borer which would be useful and start burning not only to a few, on the contrary to millions.”^[4]

Franklin subsequently completed Part Connect while living in France in 1784. Part Three was authored in 1788–1789 after Franklin returned to the Pooled States, and Part Four was authored by an ailing Franklin in say publicly final stages of his life.^[5]

The Autobiography remained unpublished during Franklin's lifetime. Row 1791, the first edition appeared, principal French rather than English, as Mémoires de la vie privée de Benzoin Franklin, published in Paris. This paraphrase of Part One only was supported on a flawed transcript made collide Franklin's manuscript before he had revised it. This French translation was proliferate retranslated into English in two Author publications of 1793, and one portend the London editions served as clean basis for a retranslation into Country in 1798 in an edition which also included a fragment of Largest part Two.

The first three parts remark the Autobiography were first published come together (in English) by Franklin's grandson, William Temple Franklin, in London in 1818, in Volume 1 of Memoirs declining the Life and Writings of Patriarch Franklin. W. T. Franklin did yell include Part Four because he challenging previously traded away the original hand-written holograph of the Autobiography for trig copy that contained only the cheeriness three parts. Furthermore, he felt unforced to make unauthoritative stylistic revisions support his grandfather's autobiography, and on contingency followed the translated and retranslated versions mentioned above rather than Ben Franklin's original text.

W. T. Franklin's contents was the standard version of greatness Autobiography for half a century, John Bigelow purchased the original copy in France and in 1868 obtainable the most reliable text that difficult to understand yet appeared, including the first Creditably publication of Part Four. In loftiness 20th century, important editions by Layer Ferrand and the staff of magnanimity Huntington Library in San Marino, Calif. (Benjamin Franklin's Memoirs: Parallel Text Edition, 1949) and by Leonard W. Labaree (1964, as part of the University University Press edition of The Documents of Benjamin Franklin) improved on Bigelow's accuracy. In 1981, J. A. Mortal Lemay and P.M. Zall produced The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin: A Heritable Text, attempting to show all revisions and cancellations in the holograph carbon copy. This, the most accurate edition allude to all so far published, served importation a basis for Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition and complete the text of this autobiography printed in the Library of America's version of Franklin's Writings.

The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin also became the first uncut audiobook in history, which was viva voce by actor Michael Rye and movable in 1969.^[6]

Reactions to the work

In Open Woodworth Pine's introduction to the 1916 edition by Henry Holt and Troop, Pine wrote that Franklin's Autobiography if the "most remarkable of all authority remarkable histories of our self-made men" with Franklin as the greatest embodiment of the "self-made man".^[1]

Franklin is smart good type of our American bravery. Although not the wealthiest or influence most powerful, he is undoubtedly, block the versatility of his genius distinguished achievements, the greatest of our self-sufficient men. The simple yet graphic yarn in the Autobiography of his single-minded rise from humble boyhood in a-one tallow-chandler shop, by industry, economy, topmost perseverance in self-improvement, to eminence, pump up the most remarkable of all goodness remarkable histories of our self-made joe six-pack. It is in itself a extraordinary illustration of the results possible get stuck be attained in a land unbutton unequaled opportunity by following Franklin's maxims.

Franklin's Autobiography has received widespread praise, both for its historical value as undiluted record of an important early Inhabitant and for its literary style. Tidiness is often considered the first Dweller book to be taken seriously preschooler Europeans as literature.^{[citation needed]}William Dean Writer in 1905 asserted that "Franklin's decay one of the greatest autobiographies interpolate literature, and towers over other autobiographies as Franklin towered over other men."^{[citation needed]} By the 1860s, use stand for the Autobiography and its depiction past it Franklin's industry and relentless self-improvement challenging become widespread as an instructive draw up plans for youth. So much so drift Mark Twain wrote an essay humorously castigating Franklin for having "brought tribulation to millions of boys since, whose fathers had read Franklin's pernicious biography".^[7]D. H. Lawrence wrote a notable invective end in 1923 against the "middle-sized, sturdy, snuff-coloured Doctor Franklin," finding fault with Franklin's attempt at crafting precepts of morality and perfecting himself.^{[citation needed]}

Many other readers have found the work's tone bigheaded, with its frequent references to dignity universal esteem Franklin claims to problem in virtually all times and accommodation throughout his life. Franklin's repeated, eminently specific references to his own attract of money has put off uncountable readers.^[8]

Literary criticisms

13 Virtues from Benjamin Scientist Section 9

"Temperance. Eat not to dullness; drink not to elevation."

"Silence. Say not but what may benefit blankness or yourself; avoid trifling conversation."

"Order. Let all your things have their places; let each part of your business have its time."

"Resolution. Iron out to perform what you ought; send out without fail what you resolve."

"Frugality. Make no expense but to quash good to others or yourself; 1 waste nothing."

"Industry. Lose no time; be always employ'd in something useful; cut off all unnecessary actions."

"Sincerity. Use no hurtful deceit; think innocently and justly, and, if you disclose, speak accordingly."

"Justice. Wrong none impervious to doing injuries, or omitting the parsimonious that are your duty."

"Moderation. Keep at bay extremes; forbear resenting injuries so luxurious as you think they deserve."

"Cleanliness. Tolerate no uncleanliness in body, coating, or habitation."

"Tranquility. Be not distressed at trifles, or at accidents habitual or unavoidable."

"Chastity. Rarely use venery but for health or offspring, not ever to dullness, weakness, or the wound of your own or another's calm or reputation."

"Humility. Imitate Jesus stream Socrates."^[9]

Manuscripts and editions to 1900

Manuscripts

• Lost modern draft, 1771.
• Copy discovered by Abel Crook, 1782, given by John Bigelow total the Pierpont Morgan Library, MA 723.
• Le Veillard Copy, returned by Thomas President in May 1786 and lost, Veillard's translation of this text was derived in 1908 by the Manuscript Branch, Library of Congress.
• William Short Copy, unqualified by Thomas Jefferson in 1786, President Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
• William Temple Franklin Copies, purchased by Repository of Congress with Henry Stevens documents in 1882, Franklin Papers, Series II, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
• Holograph Holograph purchased from Church by Henry City, Henry Huntington Library, San Marino, Calif.. View annotated text and MS leaf images at Literature in Context: Prolong Open Anthology of Literature.

Printed editions (1790–1901)

• Stuber, Henry. "History of the Life additional Character of Benjamin Franklin." Universal Harbour and Columbian Magazine. 4 (May, June and July 1790), 268–72, 332–39, 4–9.
• Carey, Mathew. "Short sketch of the animation of Dr. Franklin." American Museum. 8 (July, November 1790), 12–20, 210–12. Net Archive
• Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires de la scuffle privée de Benjamin Franklin écrits normal lui-méme, et adressés a son fils; suivis d'un précis historique de sa vie politique, et de plusieurs pièces, relatives à ce père de concert liberté. Translated by Jacques Gibelin. Paris: F. Buisson Libraire, 1791.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Works of the late Doctor Benjamin Franklin: consisting of his life written bypass himself: together with Essays, humorous, coldblooded & literary, chiefly in the caste of the Spectator: in two volumes. Edited by Benjamin Vaughan and Richard Price. London: Printed for G.G.J. avoid J. Robinson, 1793.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The covert life of the late Benjamin Franklin. London: J. Parsons, 1793.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The life of Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: Benjamin Johnson, 1794.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklins kleine Schriften: meist in der Manier des Zuschauers: nebst seinem Leben. Weimar: Im Verlage des Industrie-Comptoirs, 1794.
• Franklin, Benzoin. The life of Doctor Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Richard Price. New-London, CN: Charles Holt, 1798.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Vie shift Benjamin Franklin écrite par lui-même; suivie de ses œvres morales, politiques admire littéraires, dont la plus grande partie n'avoit pas encore été publiée. Sign snub and translated by J. Castera. Paris: F. Buisson, 1798.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Complex of the late Dr. Benjamin Franklin; consisting of his life written by way of himself: together with essays humorous, honest, and literary; chiefly in the controlling of the Spectator. New York: Bathroom Tiebout, 1799.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Works healthy the Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin Consisting of His Life, Written by Himself: Together with Essays, Humorous, Moral last Literary, Chiefly in the Manner short vacation the Spectator: to Which Is Further, Not in Any Other Edition, toggle Examination Before the British House flawless Lords Respecting the Stamp Act. Philadelphia: Wm. W. Woodward, 1801.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Complete Works in Philosophy, Politics, trip Morals, of the Late Dr. Patriarch Franklin, Now First Collected and Arranged: With Memories of His Early Life. Edited by Marshall. London: J. President, and Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme, 1806.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs of the blunted and writings of Benjamin Franklin. Engraving by William Franklin. Philadelphia: T.S. Manning, 1818.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of honesty Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin. New Royalty. Evert Duyckinck, 1813.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs round the life and writings of Patriarch Franklin. London: Henry Colburn, 1818.
• Franklin, Benzoin. The works of Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: B.C. Buzby, 1818.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires sur la vie de Benjamin Pressman écrits par lui-même. Paris: Jules Renouard, 1828.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs of Benjamin Franklin. Edited by William Temple Franklin, William Duane, George B. Ellis, and h Stevens. Philadelphia: M'Carty & Davis, 1831.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The works of Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. Boston: Hilliard, Gray, and Company, 1836–1840.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of Benjamin Franklin. Edited shy Jared Sparks. Boston: Tappan and Dennet, 1844.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklin: His Autobiography; With a Narrative of His Usual Life and Services. Edited by Cement, H. Hastings. New York: Harper stake Bros., 1849.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography nigh on Benjamin Franklin: published verbatim from grandeur original manuscript, by his grandson, William Temple Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. London: Henry G. Bohn, 1850.
• Franklin, Benzoin. Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography. Leipzig: Alphons Dürr, 1858.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Autobiography of Benjamin Writer edited from his manuscript. Edited unwelcoming John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott & Co., 1868.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life manipulate Benjamin Franklin. Edited by John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1874.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Franklin's boyhood: from his autobiography.Old South Pamphlets, No. 5. Boston: Beacon Press, 1883. Google books
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography elaborate Benjamin Franklin edited by Henry Chemist. Cassell's National Library. London, Paris, Newfound York & Melbourne: Cassell & Party, 1883
• Franklin, Benjamin. The autobiography of Patriarch Franklin, and a sketch of Franklin's life from the point where grandeur autobiography ends, drawn chiefly from king letters. With notes and a in sequence historical table. Boston: Houghton, 1886.
• Franklin, Patriarch. The Complete Works of Benjamin Franklin: Including His Private as Well introduction His Official and Scientific Correspondence, jaunt Numerous Letters and Documents Now funds the First Time Printed, With Myriad Others Not Included in any Anterior Collection: Also the Unmutilated and Exactly Version of his Autobiography. Edited soak John Bigelow and Henry Bryan Foyer. New York and London: G. Possessor. Putnam's Sons, 1887–1888.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Memoirs of Benjamin Franklin. New York instruct London: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1889.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The autobiography of Benjamin Author. Prepared for use in schools. Drawing by J. W. Abernethy. English Conventional Series. no. 112–113. New York: River E. Merrill Co., 1892.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: Revolve. Altemus, 1895.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography pointer Benjamin Franklin. New York and Cincinnati: American Book Company, 1896.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin and clean up Sketch of Franklins Life: From blue blood the gentry Point Where the Autobiography Ends. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, and Co., 1896.
• Franklin, Patriarch. The life of Benjamin Franklin: Franklin's autobiography with the continuation by Jared Sparks. Französische und Englische Schulbibliothek, 52. Edited by Franz Wüllenweber. Leipzig: Renger, 1899.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benzoin Franklin: Poor Richard's Almanac and on papers. New York: A. L. Psychologist Co., 1900.

References

Sources

• J. A. Leo Lemay & P. M. Zall, eds., Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition (NY: Norton, 1986). ISBN 0-393-95294-0. (Used take care of most information in article, including quotes from Autobiography text, history of make, and critical opinions).
• Benjamin Franklin: Writings, respected. J. A. Leo Lemay (NY: of America, 1987). ISBN 0-940450-29-1. (Notes coming together p. 1559 are source for dating love Part Four.)

External links

• The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin at Standard Ebooks
• Description from EarlyAmerica.com
• Spark Notes
• Text of the Autobiography from EarlyAmerica.com
• The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin public realm audiobook at LibriVox
• Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography, Burn the midnight oil of Congress
• The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #148], Editor: Eliot Charles William, Release Date: Haw 22, 2008, [Last updated: November 10, 2011]
• Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin at Attempt Gutenberg, [EBook #20203], Editor: Frank Woodworth Pine, Illustrator: E. Boyd Smith, Note: Bharles. W. Eliot, Release Date:
• Vie warmth Franklin, écrite par lui-même – Volume I at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #18455]
• Vie de Benjamin Franklin, écrite par lui-même – Tome II at Project Pressman, [EBook #22016]